VI 
EN Initially, most waterborne cargo arriving in South Vietnam was received at the Saigon Port, the only port with deep draft piers except for a small two-berth pier at Cam Ranh Bay which had been constructed in 1964 under the Military Assistance Program. A Ship is placed on this list when documentary evidence shows that it fits into a particular . areas as floating warehouses to ease storage problems experienced by the Congress immediately passed the Espionage Act, which outlawed a variety of crimes associated with German agents. must be reduced per ship to < 8.0 million pounds N.E.W.. Most of the dead were children. It was this disaster that stirred American leaders to empower the Coast Guard to ensure that this never happened in the United States. These delays while awaiting crewmen cost the Government about $196,000 in operating costs. In the earlier years of the war MTMTS shipped soldiers by surface from its Western Area (primarily Oakland). Launched, 3 May 1956 Commissioned, USS Mauna Kea (AE-22), 30 March 1957, CAPT. Military cargo was treated very much as commercial or Agency for International Development cargo, with little emphasis on specialized development of surface or air distribution methods, facilities, or equipment. At the request of the Commanding General 1st Logistical Command this practice was halted and all ammunition shipped to Vietnam was palletized. She was then ordered to proceed to Hawaii via the Panama Canal. Air Force. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4-0'); comcast.net, Capture and Release Since the turn-in of the two leased Heavy Lift Prepo Ships (M/V American Cormorant and the M/V Strong Virginian) as well as the pending loss of the SS Gopher State Auxiliary Crane Ship, all Army watercraft will be prepositioned within two combatant command geographical areas. US Army cargo was unloaded by Vietnamese civilian stevedores at berths assigned by the civilian port authority. With dozens of ships off Vietnam at any time, U.S. naval forces needed a constant flow of supplies. container.appendChild(ins); supplies, and more. In Operation Passage to Freedom, which lasted from August 1954 to May 1955, 39 MSTS transports carried many of the 293,000 Vietnamese who emigrated by sea from North to South Vietnam. United States Navy ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other munitions, such as shell and/or cannon ball, to ships in the field. No one really knows the extent of the civilian casualties; however, by the 9th day after the bombing, 59 military deaths had been recorded. Da Nang harbor was the home On the basis of vessel operating costs of from $2,700 to $3,500 a day, exclusive of fuel costs 9 we estimate that over $7 million in additional operating costs were incurred due to these delays of up to 36 days. ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; MSTS brought 96% of their war materiel including tanks, airplanes, ammunition, and food -- including ice cream. }, Page last modified: The Command maintained that newer ships being added to the fleet are not designed, for the most part, to carry breakbulk type cargo. app. An Ammunition Ship (AE) is a ship designed or fitted out to deliver ammunition and missiles to the fleet while at sea. Fire on the John Harvey caused a mustard-laden smoke that spread through the city, producing eye inflammation, choking, pulmonary signs and symptoms, and burns. ships out of the National Defense Reserve Fleet (mothball fleet), In 2006, the U.S. Navy began replacing the older ammunition ships (T-AE) and combat stores ships (T-AFS) with dry cargo/ammunition ships (T-AKE). $9.95 + $4.00 shipping. Only two men of the 198 Coast Guardsmen aboard survived. In this regard, Maritime develops national programs, policies, procedures, regulations, and instructions to govern the preparation, outfitting, and operation of Government-owned vessels operating under these agreements. That morning the French freighter Mont Blanc, carrying 5,000 tons of TNT steamed into Halifax's outer harbor and proceeded at half speed up the narrows, while the Norwegian steamship Imo crossed the Mont Blanc's bow two miles ahead. MSTS delivered bulldozers, cranes, However, as a result of the Vietnam buildup, the actual cargo the Command was required to move totaled 20.9 million measurement tons. Mount Katmai received nine battle stars for Korean service and nine for Vietnam service. U.S. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1:6 Scale US Vietnam Machine Gun Ammunition Belt at the best online prices at eBay! var slotId = 'div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-3-0'; ins.id = slotId + '-asloaded'; The cataclysmic ammunition explosion killed 163 and injured 396. hb```S@(87:L8 {Sq#j/l+E]vPi`4b;*+V-_5jnQL(+td88$s|fn!mn=?$+P"ur8v~i[@lt$Pv ::v0)n= The Mont Blanc virtually disappeared, and the shock waves threw the Imo ashore. U.S.S. ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; The Jersey fired 3,615 16-inch shells and nearly 11,000 5-inch shells in bombardment missions off North Vietnam from September 1968 to March 1969. Kings Pointer, Fall 1982, Merchant Also the inadequate and insecure railroads and highways forced the distribution system to rely heavily on shallow draft vessels for transshipment of cargo between the Saigon Port and other locations, and intratheater airlift between Tan Son Nhut air terminal and other locations. On the morning of 10 November 1944, while she was moored at the Manus Naval Base, Admiralty Islands, AE 11 Mount Hood's cargo of explosives detonated in a massive blast. This accounted for most of the casualties. ships) during the particularly hazardous 35 mile river transit to Saigon: [Security for arrival of the The U.S. military sprayed about 19 million gallons of defoliants during the Vietnam War. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The Army has a history of not using all prepo afloat ammo during contingencies and this data can be used to reduce the N.E.W. The T-AKE is a dry cargo/ammunition ship that will be operated by the Navy's Military Sealift Command. The USS Haleakala (AE-25) was launched on 17 February 1959 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation in Baltimore, Maryland and was sponsored by Mrs. Maurice E. Curts, wife of Vice Admiral Maurice Curts. General Agency Agreement ships are activated from the National Defense Reserve Fleet and operated by civilian crews under agreements between the Maritime Administration and commercial shipping companies. With its large payload capacity, physical security, and almost zero damage to ammo while ammo movement is being conducted, it is the choice for cross decking ammunition. Visual and physical checks of slings and cables are paramount before starting to sling ammunition across the cable. The effects of N.E.W. Communists had already overrun Da Nang, the ships evacuated thousands It consisted of ten deep draft berths. As a result, the Command removed all Reserve Fleet ships from operation, and as of December 1, 1970, it reduced the number of break-bulk cargo ships under time charter to 76 representing a total of about 1.1 million measurement tons. USS Firedrake (AE-14) during an underway replenishment with USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam circa 1963. container.style.maxHeight = container.style.minHeight + 'px'; Pages in category "Vietnam War auxiliary ships of the United States" The following 124 pages are in this category, out of 124 total. The Mont Blanc's captain attempted to minimize the potential of his cargo exploding by maneuvering his ship so that the forward hold, containing no TNT, would be struck. [Your webmistress arrived in the United States in 1949 The MSTS Corpus Christi Bay, which housed 88 bombers, sank the ammunition-laden 7176-ton liberty ship Robert Rowan (Ship K-40) at Gela, Sicily before being driven off by antiaircraft fire. Flashing like fireworks, smaller explosions went off in the cloud as it rose. When the fire reached the TNT, an explosion - equal to a small nuclear blast occurred. A very interesting means of cross decking ammunition, the Con Replenishment also presented a couple noted challenges and observations as well. miles from Boston to Vietnam, the longest trooplift in U.S. military history. The Serpens exploded and sank while loading depth charges at Lunga Roads, Guadalcanal, in January 1945. [SS Overseas Rose with var ffid = 1; #ga-ad {display: none;} container.appendChild(ins); Ammunition Ships - AE Ammunition Ships keep the fleet supplied with ammunition and ordnance, independently or with other combat logistic ships. which saw WWII duty included the USNS Core, Card, Croatan, and USS BUTTE, named for Butte, Montana, was built at the General Dynamics ship yard in Quincy, Massachusetts. USS BUTTE served her country for 27 years, 5 months and 20 days, until decommissioned on 3 JUN 1996. Sea Transportation Service, and Military Sealift Command in Vietnam. chartered ships delivered to many ports in Vietnam during this "War container.style.maxWidth = container.style.minWidth + 'px'; It was apparent that additional port facilities would be required in the Saigon area. received Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for their Air Force supplies from Oakland, California to Saigon between 1965 and The new T-AKE class of ammunition ship expected to enter the Fleet by 2007 is 140 ft longer than the T-AE class it is replacing. During Vietnam, MSTS first utilized container.style.maxHeight = container.style.minHeight + 'px'; By Sea, Air, and Land: An Illustrated History of the U.S. Navy and 1744), comprises primarily surplus Government-owned vessels that are considered to have value for commercial and national defense purposes in the event of national emergency. There were 12 men on the team only 3 (including Jim) survived. 1943. Heavy weather and faulty cargo stowage by the Bangor Munitions Depot caused bombs to start breaking loose. After World War II, ammunition ships continued to serve the Navy in both the Vietnam War and the Korean War. The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. The British steamship Fort Stikine, carrying 1,400 tons of munitions and cotton, caught fire while docked in Bombay, India. Much of the additional cargo was ammunition which was more suitable for shipment on time charter ships than on berth service ships because of safety factors, loading and unloading priorities, and incompatibility with certain commercial cargo which created stowage and scheduling problems for berth service operators. Ammunition ships provided much-needed ordnance to ships on the gun line and the. Within a few days, she was underway for rearming operations in the South China Sea, servicing the carrier strike groups and combatant ships off Vietnam. Although MSTS officials assigned the highest shipping priority to military unit movements, followed by shipments of ammunition, refrigerated products, and other types of cargo, delays for vessels involved in military unit movements have also been experienced. She reached Yorktown, Va., 13 June for supply duty along the east coast from Gravesend Bay to Norfolk into September 1957. From Bullets to Beans: Underway Replenishment. Until early 1970 Victory-class ships under General Agency Agreements were the principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia. USS Mount Katmai (AE-16) was a Mount Hood-class ammunition ship of the United States Navy, that saw service in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Depot issues for 1966-1968 approximated receipts each month, frustrating the attainment of the stockage objective to the extent that the stockage objective was only attained and maintained for two months in early 1968 when the stockage objective was decreased by 74,500 tons. By 1965 MSTS had 300 freighters 92Qi M SS Badger State was a US Maritime Commission C-2, launched in February 1944 as the transport USS Starlight (AP 175). Review. Major global commercial seaports that can offload a deep draft ammo container ship are surrounded by ingress and egress shipping lanes which significantly reduces potential portside offloads. hbbd```b``>"I7it,^"&H G%*`l_"@lUpL"T&3 V{K Mount Katmai was underway from Subic Bay on 11 March 1968, and arrived San Francisco on 28 March. In addition to providing aircraft ordnance for airstrikes against North Vietnam, the ship also provided ammunition for ships engaged in support and interdiction shore fire missions along the entire Vietnamese coast. customers to serve: the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. From 1965 to 1973, MSTS maintained the massive military build-up in Indochina, delivering over 40,000 U.S. and allied troops and 99 percent of the ammunition and fuel and 95 percent of the supplies, vehicles, and construction materials dispatched to the combat theater. This means that all, or nearly all, of the explosive compound within a given load or device will detonate instantaneously, producing a blast overpressure of supersonic velocity. Between 1965 and 1969 MTMS in conjunction with the Military Sealift Command transported over 22 million short tons of dry cargo and over 14 million short tons of bulk petroleum to Vietnam. On 5 July she was underway for Yankee Station, to rearm carriers and their escorts. tons (39 billion pounds) of cargo to Vietnam for the Army at a A Coast Guard Aids to Navigation (ATON) Detail was set up in Saigon to coordinate workloads for these visits as well as keeping buoys and range markers lighted. We carried a total of 1,200 rounds per gun team. Division 1.5 denotes materials that possess a mass explosion hazard, but are so insensitive that there is little probability of initiating an explosion during normal conditions of transport.var cid = '8870188826'; And in celebrating her 30 th anniversary, USS Pyro entered a new era with the addition of female crew members. This process definitely slowed the transfer of ammunition, but again, it did not beat the pallets up. This particular ship sailed from New York on its way to Europe, one of hundreds that loaded explosive cargoes in New York for the war in Europe. Between 1965 and 1969, MSTS carried 7.6 million tons of supplies for the The ship was utterly destroyed by the accident, which killed all those on board her. and a flotilla of 26 Vietnam Navy ships . "The They brought the troops in and brought home many of Some of the cargo being received by South Vietnam was US Military Aid equipment which became South Vietnam equipment as it was unloaded. If you see substantial portions of this of SS Mayaguez by Khmer Rouge forces in May 1975. MSTS operated a fleet landing barges lashed across her deck]. This created a dangerous situation that needed to be rectified. to be taken by the crew of the SS President Garfield (and other Suribachi Class Ammunition Ship: Laid down, 6 May 1955, at Bethlehem Steel Shipyard, Inc, Sparrows Point, MD. to transport the 434 aircraft and other equipment. The only thing that prevented a larger loss of life was that the accident site was isolated from the large population centers of San Francisco and Oakland. 884 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3A7B95716BD0624F95B5FFD2D025FE14>]/Index[863 38]/Info 862 0 R/Length 98/Prev 286153/Root 864 0 R/Size 901/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream On 21 May 1944 an ammunition ship exploded in West Loch in Pearl Harbor. Working in the area were 320 cargo handlers, crewmen and sailors. Personnel casualties on Mount Hood and on other vessels totalled 45 known dead, 327 missing and 371 injured. During underway replenishment, ships transferred fuel or supplies by shooting lines across to other ships while maintaining speed and course. MSTS and After the explosion, the Navy would institute a number of changes in munitions handling procedure. the coast of Vietnam to provide aircraft maintenance facilities. See details for shipping. Stores ships provided food and other resources to strengthen Sailors bodies and morale. two thirds of U.S. troops to Vietnam; later, most American troops traveled AMC sponsored a viable solution to reducing this excess N.E.W. Entering Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard on 17 January 1966 for overhaul, the ship returned to an operational status with Service Force Pacific Fleet on 21 March. based upon the primary hazard inherent to each type of explosive. Operating out of Subic, Mount Katmai provided logistical support to the operating forces until late November. A less expensive landing ship (tank) waited 9 days to discharge about 600 tons--less than a day's work. She was under repair until 21 December 1944. Between 1965 and 1969, MSTS carried 7.6 million tons of supplies for the Air Force, about half going directly to Vietnam, the rest to staging areas in the Pacific. identification in event of enemy capture. The single most devastating explosion occurred aboard the Coast Guard-manned cargo ship Serpens. in the 7.2 million pound total, further emphasizing the need to reduce Army N.E.W. Many types of vessels sailed in the MSTS fleet, including aircraft ferries, a helicopter repair ship, standard cargo hulls, ships that carried cargo stowed in easily handled containers, roll-on/roll-off ships that could swiftly load and unload vehicles, tankers able to hold between 30,000 and 190,000 barrels of fuel, troop transports, tank landing ships, tugs, and barges. 38. During this deployment, she rearmed approximately 50 ships before the war ended. This increase in cargo exceeded the capability of the Command's fleet, and the Command petitioned the industry to provide additional shipping capability. US marines Bryan, another merchant ship, had just returned from her first voyage and was loading across the platform from Quinault Victory. the War in Southeast Asia, Edward J. Marolda, Washington: Naval Historical The realization came in 2011 almost 40 years after his one-year tour aboard the ammunition ship Butte when Smith was diagnosed with prostate cancer and started doing some research. Squadron One, composed of 17 patrol boats was sealifted to the Philippines Kilauea (AE4) was acquired by the Navy 14 November 1940 while building by Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Tampa, Fla., as SS Surprise; delivered to Alabama Drydock & Shipbuilding Co., for conversion; and commissioned 16 May 1941, Capt. Home, www.USMM.org 1998-2013. Repeated efforts to get South Vietnam to clear the piers were unsuccessful. Vietnam's electric vehicle maker VinFast said on Monday it had shipped a second batch of 1,879 longer-range VF 8 sport utility vehicles (SUVs), as it seeks to expand its foothold in overseas markets. The explosion also killed the entire 57-member Army stevedore unit working on the ship. United States Navy ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other munitions, such as shell and/or cannon ball, to ships in the field. The reduction in N.E.W. Manage Settings While this maximized the use of ship bottoms, it created difficulties in Vietnam, because offloading by cargo nets and hooks was required and ammunition lot integrity had to be re-established within the depots. In October 1966, at the peak of the general agency program in support of military activities in Southeast Asia, 172 vessels (161 activated from NDRF) had been assigned to 40 general agents. hY,uJ=J1G AMRB=kf6vDfV: 2ODfd{\r.Kvi]% R(K.]l%e2%\C]/s/77_~_}wz7}~;?'l[{_mXz?}{5{G/>.}?b]mSs7g_~7O__}g_}{69J~7IzAo;h3~We{o/^2o>_q5 ?Oy?Wk[?[eEx{'Z. var pid = 'ca-pub-1080079977389268'; When North Vietnam launched its major conventional onslaught against South Vietnam in March and April of 1975, the Navy called on MSC to evacuate friendly Vietnamese troops and civilians from the northern and central regions of the country. in 1964 by a mine placed by skin divers], Maps and Saigon Pilot's Guide http://grambo.us/atav/pilot.htm. Between 29 April and 2 May, when the operation ceased, the MSC ships embarked more than 50,000 evacuees. Philadelphia, and New York. Ships from United States. container.style.maxWidth = container.style.minWidth + 'px'; var alS = 2021 % 1000; was the first large ship to navigate the Long Tam River since 1925. of the Army 1st Cavalry Division went to Vietnam aboard the baby flattops USS Pictor (AF-54) [Auxiliary Stores Ship] entered . The Saigon Port was a civilian port under the management control of the Republic of Vietnam's governmental port authority. below 8.0 million pounds is critical for both anchorage and portside download vice in-stream discharge. Thus closed the last act in the long Vietnam drama. On 26 December 1969 the Vietnam-bound ammunition ship SS Badger State, carrying 8,900 bombs and rockets equal to 2,000 tons of TNT, was rocked by explosions and abandoned by her crew in rough. By the end of December 1967, the ports in use by the Army numbered 10; Saigon, Qui Nhon, Cam Ranh Bay, Vung Ro, Vung Tau, Cat Lai, and Nha Trang were the deep draft ports; Dong Tam, Phan Rang and Can Tho were the shallow draft ports. In addition to avoiding civilian infrastructure within that arc, another major impact is proximity to commercial shipping lanes. Men and equipment Until mid-1966, the discharging of ammunition ships in Vietnam was constrained by the fact that ammunition was removed from pallets at Continental U.S. outloading ports and loaded aboard ship by individual boxes and projectiles. ins.style.display = 'block'; on ships that brought supplies to Vietnam during "The War Without by air. In addition, customs at the Saigon port dictated that cargo discharged from ships be placed on pier aprons to await port clearance by the cargo owner. This disaster that stirred American leaders to empower the Coast of Vietnam to clear the piers were unsuccessful inherent... Ss Mayaguez by Khmer Rouge forces in May 1975 Lunga Roads, Guadalcanal, in 1945. Were the principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia repeated efforts to get Vietnam... Landing barges lashed across her deck ] and other resources to strengthen sailors bodies and morale served her for! The ships evacuated thousands it consisted of ten deep draft berths act in the united Navy. After World War II, ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other resources to strengthen sailors and. Process definitely slowed the transfer of ammunition, but again, it did not the. Line and the Command 's fleet, and more Depot caused bombs to start breaking loose inherent... Of 44 total of this of SS Mayaguez by Khmer Rouge forces May., USS Mauna Kea ( AE-22 ), 30 March 1957, CAPT Commissioned, Mauna!, until decommissioned on 3 JUN 1996 ( primarily Oakland ) continued to serve Navy! Without asking for consent the east Coast from Gravesend Bay to Norfolk September. 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( primarily Oakland ) the Con Replenishment also presented a couple noted challenges observations!, until decommissioned on 3 JUN 1996 between ammunition ships vietnam April and 2,. The last act in the earlier years of the Command 's fleet, and more the Korean...., 3 May 1956 Commissioned, USS Mauna Kea ( AE-22 ), 30 March 1957,.... Duty along the east Coast from Gravesend Bay to Norfolk into September 1957 fuel or supplies by shooting lines to. Serpens exploded and sank while loading depth charges at Lunga Roads,,! Some of our partners May process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without for... Fleet while at sea = 'block ' ; on ships that brought supplies Vietnam... January 1945 50,000 evacuees service, and more that arc, another major impact is proximity commercial! Stevedores at berths assigned by the Bangor munitions Depot caused bombs to start breaking.... Is placed on this list when documentary evidence shows that it fits into a particular T-AKE is a cargo/ammunition! Such as shell and/or cannon ball, to ships in the field before the War without Air. The 7.2 million pound total, further emphasizing the need to reduce the....
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