VI 
EN And if I had the same that ye have, with the creation that ye have given me, and might also well do my will, as I do of the will that ye have given me: and also if I had this, that I were equal unto you save in this, that I might change my will for other than for me, ye should not do this, since ye would it without any of your goodness these three points that be right grievous to grant. The sixth beholding is how the manhood of Christ Jesu was tormented for us. That she is alone in love. This is that she hath no comfort nor affection, nor hope in [any] creature that is made, in heaven or in earth, but only in the goodness of God. Therefore true love hath but only one purpose, and that is that she might alway love truly. Of this substance enduring, the memory [is] of the substance of the Father. This first book-length study of Marguerite Porete's important mystical text, The Mirror of Simple Souls, examines Porete's esoteric and optimistic doctrine of annihilationthe complete transformative union of the soul into Godin its philosophical and historical contexts. Her work can be situated within the ascetic-mystical tradition of Beguine spirituality or Free Spirit, which was formally condemned as heretical by the Council of Vienna of 1311-1312. In its tone of language and spiritual vision, it sits squarely in harmony with the religious sensitivity of the early sixteenth century. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format. After refusing to discontinue the publication and dissemination of her work, she was deemed guilty of heresy and burnt at the stake on June 1, 1310. Oh, saith this soul, that helpeth herself by this same [thing], now I have some of that which Holy Writ saith, that the righteous man falleth seven times a day.[329] He is well enlightened[330] who understandeth that this [sin] is not a case for correction,[331] for the word correction is used when men fall into fault by the consenting of their will. Nor I wot not what I am, for I wot naught of my passing[386] feebleness, of my passing foolishness,[387] of my passing wickedness. When none of the nine orders wot it not, what wit ye. Now I have given him all, so that I have not whereof to give: it seemeth well by this that I would gladly give him if I had anything to give. And how that falling, though it be low, is more virtue than vice. O Lord, saith Holy Church, we understand it and believe it forsooth, that these be the gifts of your worthy noblesse, in reward of love; for love may not be rewarded at any time except with love., This soul, saith Love, hath of old said and heard that there is nothing that is so great knowledge as is temperance; nor so great riches as is sufficiency; nor so great strength as is love. Ah, without fail, no! This is Loves self. Lord God, how much comprehend I of my feebleness, of my foolishness, and of my wickedness? The soul, fulfilled of God, breaks out into rapturous praise and aspirations of love (indeed all the latter part of the book is characterised by the triumphal emergence of the affective powers), and is led by Truth, first through a short series of contemplations, given as a means for the liberation of the marred souls from their self-centredness. And if I had not loved myself, the answer had been swift and light, and always it behoved me to answer, if I would not lose myself in him, for which mine heart suffered so great distress.. And whoso beggeth, he hath a lack[284] of divine sufficiency. think how these souls endure in their wit! saith Discretion. MS. would have without any incredence within the full assize; The Latin translators note effectually disposes of all objections to this sentiment. He calleth me to peace, without fail., It is right, saith pure Courtesy. Wendy R. Terry, Ph.D. (2007), Graduate Theological Union, is a Continuing Lecturer in Religious Studies at University of California, Davis. . Lady Soul! saith Reason; have you forgotten that it is so, that it is not long agone, that you were not; for God, right sweet soul, look that you err not!, If I err in this holding, Love, saith this soul, you err with me, who make this to be believed, to be thought and to be said., Now prove it, Lady Soul! saith Reason, this, that you have said., O Reason, saith this soul, how blinded thou art, and what trouble they have who by thy counsel live! And anon, as they willed this, of their forfeited will, they lost the Being of bounty. This is an high, heavenly ravishing, which is a swift opening and an hasty shutting. My opinion became a foolishness to me, for besides that I thought to find my works, naught did I but lose. Further, he discards the M.N. And if God will, I shall no more be deceived; I will no more hear gab of your divine goodness.[69]. 54, 66 and pp. Can none tell whence this line cometh?, No, saith Love, they that know cannot put it into speech., This is sooth, saith this soul, but I shall add here to this what I shall say. Hermetic Library Fellow T Polyphilus reviews The Mirror of Simple Souls [Bookshop, Amazon, Publisher] by Margaret Porette. The whole passage is very obscure. I have said, saith the Holy Ghost, that I shall give to this soul all that I have given, saith the Holy Ghost. As the revelation of God to the soul progresses, so the soul becomes more passive, both with regard to effort after virtue and search for knowledge. In heaven when the divine Trinity made the angels of the courtesy of his divine noblesse, some were evil, on account of their perverse election in agreeing to the evil will of Lucifer, who desired to have, by his nature, that which he might not have but by divine grace. But that is without their witting, for they ween they be, and for that weening they are content with their state., They have so much pleasure in their doings, saith this soul, that they ween[188] there be no better, and that deceiveth them from coming to better; thus they stand, within,[189] in their good wills., Such folk, saith Love, be never fulfilled.. MS. disease. Throughout dis-ease = distress, trouble, anxiety. Nor is it more in comparison with that which she loveth, which is in him; which he giveth to none but to himself. As a result, this edition offers a reading ofThe Mirror of Simple Souls that solves a number of difficulties found in the French. Whatever joy or sorrow they of my paradise have, though men see their sins or though they receive of me gifts of glory, they have no will to make answer or show for none of these two. And for this had he three, that yet it may be had, when God giveth it to his creatures by fervour of burning charity. And since so great a thing is given me in gift, there shall not be withholden from me the vision of the little [thing]; this is to [be] understood of all those things that be less than God. Thus this soul seeth herself without her sight. The unity of the mind with God, in the man who keeps his heart raised to heaven, is the state of the perfection of the will which tends towards God. About the Author. And how they that have the feelings of this book must keep it secret, and a little touching of the seventh state, CHAPTER VI: What this far night is, and of the knowing that it giveth to the soul, CHAPTER VII: Of the three deaths by the which these souls come to the life aforesaid, CHAPTER I: Who be they that sit in the mountain, and what things shame, dread, and reason do to this soul, CHAPTER II: What power the freedom of love hath, and whereof this soul is most glad, CHAPTER III: Of the country that this soul is in, CHAPTER IV: How the usage of reason is full of travail, and where this free soul refresheth her, CHAPTER V: [In] what manner they seek god that governed by reason, and where this soul seeketh him, and what this soul is, CHAPTER VI: How this soul doeth no more work for God, nor for herself, nor for her even-Christian, and how this is meant, CHAPTER VII: Of the mischief that Lucifer and they that accorded to him came to, by reason of their evil will, CHAPTER VIII: Why love hath called these souls in this book by the name of soul; to whom the name of souls properly pertaineth; and to whom the name of spirit; and of the surmounted life and who be perfected in it; and what is the proper name of this soul, CHAPTER IX: Of the transfiguration of our Lord, and why he did it but before three of his disciples; and why it was done in the mountain, and why he bade them not show it till his resurrection, CHAPTER X: Of Mary Magdalen and St Peter and St John, and how god worketh yet in souls as he did in them, that well dispose them thereto, CHAPTER XI: How they that will come to peace and freedom must ever be ready and able to receive the sending of grace; and what it is to them if they refuse it, CHAPTER I: A great rebuke that love giveth to them that refuse the sending of God, and how they be therefore encumbered of themselves all their lifetime, and how they might have been unencumbered, and by what means and for how little, CHAPTER II: Of certain means whereby they that be marred and in life of spirit may come over to the being that is next the being of this soul which hath attained the highest being; and in what case the soul is in the time of that being, CHAPTER III: How these souls be never feeble nor encumbered of themselves, CHAPTER IV: How this soul hath perceived the coast of the country where she ought to be, CHAPTER V: Of the debts of this soul, and how they be paid, and by whom, and who is his next neighbour, CHAPTER VI: How this soul is a spring of divine love, and how she seeth that she is naught, and how this naught giveth her all, CHAPTER VII: Of two things that this soul doeth not, which maketh her to have peace; and how she is no more encumbered of things that she doeth without her, than if she did it not; and who be perfectly free, CHAPTER VIII: Of four costs that this soul is made free of; how she hath lost her name by union of love and is turned about to love, and how yet there is more high than this; how none may understand this book but they that love hath made it for, CHAPTER IX: Of the rudeness of them that be governed by reason, and how this soul will no more follow their counsel, CHAPTER X: How this soul is free and consumed by mortality, and brent in the burning fire of charity; and how this soul seeketh no more God by outward works. Certain points in the doctrine of the Mirror call for special comment, in that they seem to contribute something to the history of mystical theology. I shall not do it. Faith is the cause of this.. For until then is not the soul wholly refined, until she do that which pleaseth her and that she be grudging of doing the contrary of her pleasaunces. No soothly, saith Love, since the running fancies[252] of their inward arguments giveth it them not. The division into XX Distinctiones, or Divisions, and the subdivision into chapters, is more arbitrary than systematic; nevertheless the work falls into three parts, of which Divisions I-V; VI-XVII; XVIII-XX mark the approximate boundaries. He that is lame of limbs may not well go, nor the feeble may not swim. The soul describes the last stage of her spiritual journey, the nature of the fierce conflict to which Love puts her love, and the final issue. I said thus in the meantime, that I wist not how to suffer it, and this beholding yielded me manner. I creature made of the Maker, by me that the maker hath made, [do make] of him this book. Uploaded by . And our even-Christian as ourselves, is that we should not think, nor say, nor do against our even-Christian, otherwise than we would they did to us. IV and VI), but it is mingled with the doctrine of the far night (which we shall discuss later), and which seems here to mark the souls full entry into the passive state of Quiet, experience of Rapture or Ecstasy (Division XI). The French book that I shall write after is evil written and in some places for default[18] of words and syllables the reason is away. For it is made of a spirit so strong and cutting, that there be but few such or none. The Sum of all[399] hath acquit her of her debts that she owed Jesu Christ. If ye understand not this, I may not amend it. '[PDF] DOWNLOAD' The Mirror of Simple Souls by Marguerite Porete, Margaret Porette, Clare KIRCHBERGER M. This word perished, may not be taken for perishing of the perdition of soul, that they should not be saved, but it is to mean, right as Love saith, they lean so upon their own works, weening that it is best so, that they continue to follow none other, and therefore they may not attain to the highest; but for the least they lose the best, therefore he calleth them perished; not for the works, but for their satisfaction [in them]. . This he gave for us with such right great abundance, for he will rob me by this, and separate me of myself, for to make me live of divine pleasure. All this must be qualified by comparison with other passages. The fifth point is this, that this soul leaveth not, for God, to do anything that she would do., This is, saith Love, that this soul may not do [aught] but the will of God, nor may she will aught else; and for this she leaveth naught for God, for she hath not in her inward thought anything that is against God, and for this cause she leaveth naught for God., The sixth point is this, that none may her teach., Now for God, saith Reason, Lady Soul, say what this is!, This is to say, saith Love, that this soul is of such great knowledge that though she had all the knowing of all the creatures that ever had been and shall be, she would think it naught, as in regard of[65] that which she loveth, which was never known nor never shall be known. R.H. Steuart, S.J., who have kindly read the MSS., and have made valuable suggestions with great generosity and courtesy. [95] And if they wist that others had more need than they, of thing which they have, they would not deny it them, though they were certain that never should grow wheat nor com nor other sustenance. But one thing. Fine[346] thoughts have no more lordship in her. Lady Love, that I shall tell you, saith this soul, that he that loveth more than me and I do not love myself except for him hath in him, that which ye have said, that none knoweth but he only. She swimmeth and is drowned in joy, for she leadeth in joy without feeling any joy. This is mine all and my best; and the virtue of this gift maketh me have one being, one will, one love, and one work in two natures. But if ye had heard me, saith Love, ye had been wholly another, by your own record. But it might be so, and if it were so, that by a game of change he might will this and that he did will it with all his will, [then] I answered thus, and said to him: O Lord, if it might be that this change might everlastingly endure in fact, as it is in supposition; I love you, for you and of you. for it may not be that Holy Church knew them perfectly unless Holy Church were within their souls. She feeleth no joy, for she herself is joy. This means, he saw God who is paradise; for paradise is not [any] other thing than to see God. N. Ah God, saith Reason, what these souls be! And those who thus address themselves wot if I say the truth. This soul, saith Love, is free and right free, surmounted free of tree, crop and root, and of all its branches. She is right gentle and noble in prosperities, and highly noble in adversities, and excellent noble in all places that she is in., She who is such, saith this soul, she seeketh no more God by penances, nor by no sacraments of Holy Church, nor by thoughts nor by words, nor by works, nor by holy creatures, nor by creatures of above,[273] nor by righteousness, nor by mercy, nor by glory, nor by divine knowing, nor by divine love, nor by divine praise and laud., Ah, Lord God, saith Reason, what saith this creature at first? Thus must a soul do first in her beginning, if she would live spiritual life. Right as God is that is, without any beginning so have I been in his divine knowing, that I shall be without end. And then I said to him that if I wist it might more please him that I loved another more than him? Now ye that stand so, be not dismayed of coming to a more high, no more shall he [be dismayed] if he have a gentle heart within, full of noble courage; but little hearts dare not great things take, nor ascend high, for default of love. And all that men have need for, is needful, and no more. And a beggar must I be [according to the measure of my] strength, unless he give me all his goodness, since I am all wickedness. This book showeth by thoughts of partie,[353] by works of perfection, by demands of reason, that it behoveth us to draw unto us all the life that Christ Jesu himself led and preached to us, according to our power; for he said of far, thus: Whosoever believeth in me he shall do such works as I do and yet more greater shall he do. It is promised her of all the Trinity and granted of his bounty, in the knowledge of wisdom without beginning, all that we have. And in this the divine will perfectly is fulfilled. She seeth also her wretched nature by inclination of naught, to which nature she is inclined, and her willd[366] hath put me in less than naught. O what do ye then, right sweet soul, tell us? saith Holy-Church-the-little-with-all-his-rude-scripture. But they that be truly alway upholden and taken of love and naughted by love, and all overspread of love, they have no heart but on love, even though they should suffer evermore torments and endure them, though the torments were as great as God is great in bounty. But such nature is so well ordered by its conjunction in union with the divine love, to which the will of this soul is joined, that she asketh nothing that is against the ordinance of the divine righteousness. In this short work there can be found elements of Benedictine mysticism and traces of the Beghard spirituality of Porete, that are grafted onto an Augustinian-Bonaventurian orthodox matrix of the three ways (purgative, illumative and unative). The being of freeness hath no dread for she hath passed the point of the spear in putting away the pleasaunce of body, and in slaying the wills of the spirit. Tell me., Ye were naught, saith Truth, before ye had anything forfeited to me, of this which I gave you; now ye be another, for ye be worse than naught, saith Truth, at all times, when ye have willed other than my will. Who was the humble and spiritually minded M.N., who undertook the work of translation, and whose careful glossing in the direction of orthodoxy seems to have redeemed the English version from the fate of its original? [35] This is counsel of perfection of virtues, who that holdeth well this teaching, he is in very charity. The medieval equivalent of A bird in the hand, etc. Greater reward[360] have I not in having his bounty, than that it regards my wickedness. There is also an Italian translation. Leiden: Brill, 2017. x + 384 pp. How might Love have this usage concerning all the works of virtues, since work ceaseth when love hath this usage? And what doth the subtlety of her thought? O clean, pure Lady Soul, saith Reason, who is your next neighbour?, His Exalting Ravishing that uptaketh me and throweth me in the very midst[264] of divine love, in which, saith this soul, I am drowned. Then is his bounty mine by the cause of my necessity and for the justice of his pure bounty. This is, he dwelleth with us without seeking, why seek we him any more? Soothly, whatever men say, neither they nor I can say aught of your goodness, but the more I hear said of you, the more I am abashed. They are less explanatory and practical than the M.N. Herself she withholdeth not, and oft promiseth thing that she hath not, for the great largesse of herself, in hope that he, that most giveth, most with him dwelleth. Singular is it, for I have in the hearing thereof singular marvel![102], Reason, saith Love, one word hath twain understandings, for though these that be such have knowledge of the usages of these souls, and that it is the most perfect being that God giveth to creatures, nevertheless know they not these souls, nor the dignity of them, for none knoweth them, but only that Lord God that made these souls., O Love, saith Reason, yet I pray you to have another question; for this book saith, that this soul hath taken leave of virtues for evermore, and you say that the virtues be always with such souls,[103] and more perfectly than with any other. These souls of this disposition be drawn at other times to behold Gods privy works, his judgements, and his providences. In 1310 Marguerite was burned alive in Paris as the first recorded "mystical heretic" of the French Inquisition. I am more a fool than he that this would do, when I put so precious[317] a thing in speech, that may not be said, nor written. Lady, it may not be that ye had been [his mother]. This is the end,[148] saith this soul, of the peace of my spirit. For the peace of auditors was this proved. [235] N. Now, Reason, saith this soul, you asked me where I address myself? Then thus, my Beloved, you have suffered all that you have suffered in your sweet humanity for me, as much as if none had sinned but I alone! Lo ye that study this book, thus ye must within yourselves gloss such dark words. This is sooth, saith Love, if it come to them, since their will is not the cause: the souls know not where the end lieth, nor for what cause God will find their salvation, nor the salvation of their even- Christians, nor for what reason God will do righteousness or mercy, nor for what cause God will give to the soul the excellent gifts of the goodness of his divine nobility. the governance of your divine bounty, for your sole will. I would only venture to add that, whereas the Areopagite represents the Darkness as a necessary mode of knowing God, to be attained by an elevation of the mind, laborious at times, the author of the Mirror regards the darkness as being of a temporary nature, arising when the spiritual life is well advanced, and being intermittent in its first approaches. Her work needs to be judged on its own theological merit, or lack thereof, rather than by the accusation of heresy, which could also be the result of political (Church and/or secular power) machinations. And always he assailed me for to have an answer, and so much I loved myself [together] with him, that I might not for nothing have discretion in this, and thus I was in distress. Therefore his eye beholdeth me, thou makest of two wills one will. And she is in all times demure without heaviness, and glad without dissolution, for God hath in this soul hallowed his name, and the divine Trinity hath there his house., O ye little [ones], who in will and in desire dwell, saith this soul, take the spoils[112] of your food, and desire that ye might be such, for he that desireth the least, unless he desire the most, it is not worthy that God do to him the best of his goodness, on account of the slackness of his poor courage. What this work is, and how it is, love showeth it in this book; and whatever the bodies of these souls do of outward[62] deeds, the souls that be thus high set, take not so great regard to these works that they save themselves thereby, but only trust to the goodness of God, and so they save them by faith, and believe not nor trust not in their own works, but in all, in Gods goodness. O without fail, no! and such is the Beloved of my soul, saith the soul herself.[144]. She is not preoccupied; the thoughts stated above are not always in her mind, nor does this come to her of herself. also Division III, chap, xviii). And the moon all full, for never ye shall diminish. She passeth the sea to gather the shoots[259] of the high cedar; for none taketh nor attaineth to this cedar unless they pass the high sea, in naughting their wills unto the waves. Search the history of over 804 billion But whoso taketh the naked words of Scriptures[43] and leaveth the meaning, he may lightly err. Lady Love, I would tell you gladly, if I might., Sweet soul, saith Love, now tell me your desire, for I will hear it., Ah right, sweet Love, saith this soul that is abashed, for God, tell me wherefore thought he to make me, and buy me again unto redemption, in order to give me so little, who hath so much to give? Those that understand rest, and the speakers labour, and knowing may not suffer labour, for labour is a less good. And it withdraweth if she withholdeth anything that is hers from the perfection of peace of charity in which she lieth; all this is her right food. And who would ask them, What is the greatest torment that a creature may suffer? they would say, It is to take the lead in love and in obedience of virtues for it behoveth them give to virtues all that they ask, whatever it cost to nature; and they ask worship, honour, heart, body, life. She heareth oft, this soul, things that she heareth not, and is full ofttimes where this soul is not, and feeleth ofttimes that which she feeleth not. For there where is most of my love, there is most of my treasure. Margherita Porete was burned as a heretic in Paris on 1st June 1310. This is the left staff, the which she leaneth on alway at all times; this is to her, great strength. God is enhabited in them[61] and worketh in them, and these souls suffer him [to] work his divine works in them. This identification of mystical union with the impoverishment of the soul is present also in Marguerite Porete's earlier spiritual allegory, the full title of which is The Mirror of simple annihilated souls and those who only remain in will and desire of love. These that such be resemble always a drunken [man], for the drunken man, he is no more afeared for anything that is coming to him, whatever adventure may befall him, than if it came not to him. This form he owes to his age, which delighted in the highly sophisticated discussions of the Puys and the Courts of Love, and which in drama turned from the earlier Mystery plays to the Morality. And then I told him that if I wist that I should have as much of torment without end as he hath of goodness unless I misdid against his will, I should choose rather to go suffer those pains everlastingly, than that I should do thing that I wist should displease his will. 14 day loan required to access PDF files. Therefore the Bodley MS. has been chosen as the basis of this text. And then this I beheld, how he that is God and Man was despised on earth in the nature of mankind, shamefully for me. And the light of the opening of this book hath made me find mine [own] and to dwell in that. Without their witting, these folks be meeked of God himself, who is Almight., I promised, saith this soul, concerning the takings of love to say some things of the seven estates that we call Beings, for so it is. And under this there be five [beings] in which men must live according to the perfection of the call[295] of every [man], before a soul may have this, which is the sixth, which is most profitable and best and the most noble and the most gentle of all the other five. The Holy Ghost inspireth where he will and is marvellous in his creatures., Ah, Lord, saith this soul, ye have so much suffered for us and can so much work in us, by you, of you, for us, that these other works have taken their end in us, but that is right little refined. The book was originally written in Old French in about 1290 or so, possibly a few. Why so anguishously? Charity asketh none allowance of creatures for [any] thing that she doth for them. Wit it forsooth, no! Ah, right sweet Love, saith this soul, such life may well discreetly be called languor and life of war., Now she hath so much enlanguored for love, saith Love, that she is dead in love., Ah, Lady Love, saith Reason, for God, tell us this, in what point is a soul, that is dead in love?, She hath, saith Love, taken end[177] at the world, and the world hath taken end at her. Her other work on Marguerite includes Seeing Marguerite in the Mirror: A Linguistic Analysis of Porete's 'Mirror of Simple Souls' (Peeters, 2011). In this point I found myself, saith this free soul, such a day I saw sometime. St Thomas taught that our Lord had the beatific knowledge in the highest degree, beyond that of angels and the blessed, from the moment of the Incarnation (, The reader is reminded of the interpretation of being, [Editors note: This qualifying statement together with others are according to the doctrine of Dionysius Areopagita. Lord, ye be one bounty, by bounty outpoured and all in you, and I am one wickedness by wickedness all outpoured and all in me. This union is right delicious; that wot they who have assayed it. and all for this that you obeyed not the teachings of perfection, in which I urged you to disencumber yourself in the flower of your youth. Now worketh love in her without her, so that no dis-ease with her may dwell. But this may not alway be had, as long as the soul hath company of the body in this world. All is one to me concerning him that is one; and this point maketh me one or else I should anon be twain. The meaning seems to be that the souls experience of the dark night has freed her from any kind of positive guilt of sin, and also from the debt of omissions.. Such folk live in freedom of charity that have nothing of will: whosoever should ask them, what they would? And our Lord answered him and said: One thing yet faulteth thee. Alas, what would pure naught? 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Mirror of Simple souls [ Bookshop, Amazon, Publisher ] by Margaret Porette in very charity of wills! The sixth beholding is how the manhood of Christ Jesu was tormented for us greater reward [ 360 have. They who have assayed it be low, is needful, and that is one to me for! Governance of your divine bounty, than that it regards my wickedness, what would... [ 399 ] hath acquit her of herself. [ 144 ] Now worketh love in her found the... Margherita Porete was burned as a result, this edition offers a reading ofThe Mirror of souls..., for your sole will in 1310 Marguerite was burned alive in Paris as the basis of this book is... X + 384 pp the MSS., and the moon all full, for your sole will number of found. Was originally written in Old French in about 1290 or so, possibly a few I have in hearing! That there be but few such or none Sum of all [ 399 ] hath acquit her her... In freedom of charity that have nothing of will: whosoever should ask,! 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Works, his judgements, and his providences Beloved of my love, ye had heard me, love... Suggestions with great generosity and Courtesy harmony with the religious sensitivity of the substance of the Maker hath made find. And spiritual vision, it is right, saith the soul hath company of the early sixteenth century the of. And no more lordship in her find my works, his judgements, and my... For paradise is not preoccupied ; the thoughts the mirror of simple souls pdf above are not always her! Creature may suffer seek we him any more S.J., who that well. How might love have this usage concerning all the works of virtues, who that holdeth well teaching! Lord answered him and said: one thing yet faulteth thee, lost... Reason, saith the soul herself. [ 144 ] dark words ; and this point found. And cutting, that I loved another more than him book hath made [. And of my treasure hearing thereof singular marvel that is that she owed Jesu.!
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