industry standard for citations. It will begin searching existing notes, filtering them as you type. The benefit of using different root folders is that each folder is independent of each other. You can use -J and -K to move through the list. The cloud support lets you keep your notes secure and available to use everywhere you want. It is inspired by the Zettelkasten system for note-taking and personal knowledge management. This way, even in long files, if you can't find the ID, simply drop a new ID on top of the file to make this assume the role of a general ID for the file. Finding notes are now easy; just all you need to bring nvALT and start typing to search; you are done with it. You can create your characters and distinctively assemble them. Write your full information in the basic info bar and something about your past and your personality. Post Suggest changes Do you know what the exact paper size for a Suhrkamp book or a Penguin book is? The two before the filename simply ensure that the file will always be sorted either on top or bottom in the finder. There are multiple benefits that Roam Research providing to you that are organizing and evaluating knowledge, directed graphs, classic file tee, multiple overlapping hierarchies, convey information via defined relationships, and more to add. What's the difference between Obsidian and Zettlr? There are multiple features on offer that are clean interface, markup-based text editor, plain text extended, Themeable editor, keyboard navigation, typewriter mode, and more to add. Hashtags! Its a constant back and forth, and as such, I re-imagined the title of this series, How I work, and put the application in the background. Of those Obsidian, Roam, SublimeZK, Zettlr also work on Windows and Linux. The former option is clearly not ideal, since for even a moderately-sized research paper, that file can amount to hundreds of pages. Electron, Of those Obsidian, Roam, SublimeZK, Zettlr also work on Windows and Linux. After the first time you run the Preview window, look in ~/Library/Application Support/Notational Velocity and youll find two files: template.html and custom.css. Along the same lines, please take a look at existing tickets before starting a new one. So instead of actually focusing on the content of something, what you were more concerned with is how it appears. The Areas-folder is for all your projects where there is no deadline attached. Zettlr is a good app to start with. nvALT on the fly note creation all Zettelksten are beautiful and supported by Zettlr. They just need a different template, run your Markdown through it, and they have a perfectly-looking e-book. This way Zettlr will automatically sort the files in the default way (where a 2 is greater than a 1, for example), so that newer files are at the bottom by default. Once a day, attempt to write x (Im aiming for three) notes of approx. Well do our best. Step 1: Set up Zettlr to look as minimal as possible. First, head over to the settings tab (press Cmd/Ctrl+, or click the cog in the toolbar). nvALT 2 is a fork of the original Notational Velocity with some additional features and interface modifications, including MultiMarkdown functionality. By using this approach it becomes easy to find older notes, because you normally remember the rough date at which a workshop or a meeting has happened and can scroll through the list until you find it. Take a look at the Settings page to see options on how to customise all Zettelkasten functionality to your liking. Then, filenames would look like this: This way you can easily find what you are looking for by first searching for the files that begin with "HowTo" and then scroll until you find the process (Finance, Meetings, Mail guidelines, etc). But when the personal computer was developed, academia just thought of it as an even better typewriter. . For example, [My text]([[]]) will render as if it was a regular link. Privacy Policy. Note: Apparently our build is not particularly PowerPC compatible. The tool is elegantly built and manages complex workflows having simple to use syntax that scales from basic markup to complete latex typesetting and from plaintext notes to literate programs. All that matters for Markdown is the actual content: Your text. If youre handy with HTML and CSS, feel free to customize these in whatever way you like. To add an ID to a file, simply press Cmd/Ctrl+L to generate one, or, if you prefer to do it manually, simply type an ID yourself. For starters, Zettlr sits at the heart of my whole workflow: Everything I read goes in there eventually, and everything I write (including these articles) emanates from it. Internally, Zettlr uses 32-Bit hashes to identify specific files. Apps like Zkn3 or Bear don't meet this requirement. The platform is reducing all your vulnerabilities of the writing issues with a more focused and object writing experience, so your customer will never complain about the work you delivered. So keep this folder lean at all times. It is easy to install and free to use, right from the creator websites, and is up and running in only five minutes. You should be focusing on what is important to you. full customization of every single element; One final piece of advice I want to say here which wouldve spared me several years of confusion: Never listen to other people. Bring some of the awesome features from apps like Notational Velocity, nvalt, Bear, FSNotes, Obsidian to VS Code, where you also have (1) Vim key bindings and (2) excellent extensibility. There are numerous benefits of Markdown as compared to Word, but to see why these are benefits, it helps to see them in perspective. There are multiple features on offer: Zetro integration, quick look, themes, languages, word counter, dark mode, markdown preview, full-text search, file tagging, tag management, and more to add. Obsidian md is ranked 15th while Zettlr is ranked 49th. As you can see: A good Markdown workflow does not solely circle around writing text in Markdown. But thats the beauty of this system: Since you have already spent the time to take these notes, writing your next paper is as simply as (literally!) Although Zettlr has a lot more features, it is designed as a slim and minimal app, so configuring Zettlr as a note-taking app is easy. To pull them to the top, simply switch the sorting from A-Z to Z-A. I have this one paper at hand right now! you might think now. ). strictly adheres to established standards and does not reinvent Science was always a very text-centric profession. This misconception has been fuelled by Microsoft with the development of Word. It will merely take the link contents, place it in your search field and automatically "press Enter", to initiate the search. First, head over to the settings tab (press Cmd/Ctrl+, or click the cog in the toolbar). Campfiretechnology is an online platform used for writing-related purposes. Zettlr is Free and Open Source Software. There are multiple things to forward for if you are using nvALT that are formatting, preview, edit, and check for bookmarks. A popular feature in Roam Research and Bear is the ability to quickly reference other notes using "Cross-Note Links" in the [[wiki-link]] style. The default ID is a good call, because it uses the date in the format YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, which is unique to the second. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Customizable HTML and CSS files for the Preview window, Convert imported URLs to Markdown, and optionally strip excess content with Readability, Full-screen mode (requires OS X 10.5 or higher), Collapse/Expand notes list and search field, Improved readability with optional width limit and margins, Word Count (hold down Option to view temporarily), Working localizations (French, German, Portuguese). But these depend on the paths, and, as Zettlr is designed to work even with cloud-saved files, the path on one computer will not be the same as on another computer, making the hash unusable as an ID. I realised that, instead of having to live with a subpar academic writing experience, I could forge my own. Besides, you can take advantage of the inline formats, math formulas, and code blocks. Laravel. In pts with a G12C mutation CPB showed a HR of 0.74 (95% CI 0.47 - 1.16), p = 0.22. Moreover, QOwnNotes is extensively customizable and scriptable, so this way, you are in control of how you can work with your notes. The above example would exactly match the files This is the link.md, This is the link.markdown and This is the link.txt. NB, you will also need these bindings for ,rl. The benefit of this system is not visible until you see it. This is mostly because in Zettlr I give every note a permanent unique identifier (UID), and Zettlr defines links between notes according to this unchanging UID rather than according to the notes' titles. Now, the previous two steps require two folders: One for all your reading notes, and one for your notes. This package is a fork of the excellent vscode-markdown-notes package, made to be a bit more compatible for Zettelkasten workflows introduced by apps like Zettlr or The Archive. The software leverage you with incremental searching, so on each key pressing, you will have the content and notes available instantly. By default, the extension assumes each markdown file in a workspace has a unique name, so that note.md will resolve to the file with this name, regardless of whether or not this file exists in any subdirectory path. Zettlr: A Markdown editor for the 21st century For Safari and Chrome, browser extensions are available at Elastic Threads website. Since many mathematical models I need during my research are explained in general (and way too mathematically) terms on Wikipedia, I keep separate definitions of these which are much more adapted to my own needs in there, for quick reference. If you remember, Zotero is being developed by the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, and in its development librarians were involved as well. And, imagine the publisher also wants to offer your book as an e-book. We will respond to tickets as soon as we are able. In general, Markdown text is much more accessible than Word, since your computer can read them with no external program and due to their small size you can create many more of them. There are multiple features on offer that are an extensive search system, complete editing capabilities, plaint text support, tagging, and multiple language support, and more to add. I have sub-folders for the seminars we have at IAS, a folder for all courses I have to attend, and one folder for this research blog, since Im at the moment beginning to prepare some blog posts based off ideas I encountered while reading for my actual papers that wont make it into there but are still worthy of some form of publication. These are very loose collections of streams of consciousness that I may or may not use at some point in the future. A computer can also automate when it comes to text processing. This way you can not only open exact files, but also find all other files that link to the file you just opened. Run a focused test with ,rl on a line in a test file, eg line 8, which will make a call to: to run only the test at that line. and our Campfiretechnology supports a complete map that helps to negotiate numerous things or places. Use Peek Definition to preview linked notes. Already back then, in the summer of 2017, there were plenty of Markdown editors out there. This utility of mode is convenient for plain text markup and is making the computational notebooks a lot easier. Since academia is all about communicating to other people what you have found out so that others can build on your work an thus improve our understanding of everything, the most appropriate format for this is the written word. File tagging? Its much easier to write linearly, start with the first word of the paper, and end with the last word. important contents: Zettlr's revolutionary heatmap search Markdown strips away the nice GUI of Word. This helps me to find adequate models and methods much quicker than having to re-visit (and possibly not understand) their Wikipedia articles again. Roam Research is reliable to use as a document and is helping you out to organize your Research for a long hull. Zettlr also includes such a system. If you want to discuss workflows or ask some follow-up questions, the ideal way is to tag me on Twitter, so that the question is public and others may also drop in if they want to! And that also is nice towards publishers. Furthermore, Mark Text is effortless to install and can be download on your window, Mac, and Linux systems with ease. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hexdsl Amazon Wish list: https://www.amazon.co.uk/hz/wishlist/ls/OQECP17P4Q3B?ref_=wl_share Book I wrote: https://www. Then hit Return and it will open the file. Generally, your files should follow a certain system. again. This software allows you to add up new events, characters, or plotlines. writing whole books is as easy as creating a new project. Obsidian vs. Zettlr Comparison Chart. Since the files have a much simpler structure, you can create many more Markdown files than Word documents, and that profits much from a good and well-thought folder management. The modeless operation is setting the thing up to the mark to search for notes. Its called TODO.md and it resides outside of all of these folders. Its basically a run-down of the Zettelkasten method, adapted for scholars. Zettlr is quite professional with its functionality and is loved by many professionals, so be ready to become a joyful writer, and you have pure efficiency what you are looking for. However, a lot about this app is also about appearance: It looks as if it improves your workflow, even though it possibly wont. Download for macOS (11.6.0 or newer). Step five depends highly on your field and kind of research, so I cant cover it here. It just needs to fit you. It's one of the few options where mobile offers the same experience as desktop (including autocompleting and auto-updating wikilinks). Out of the box. So publishers will in every case take your Word document, transform it to something else and then re-set it in their own style. Zettlr is an all-in-one markdown editor tool that has been providing support to researchers and humanities. Using this guide, you can set up Zettlr to be a replacement for apps such as OneNote, Evernote, or nvALT. For instance, my whole PhD-folder is inside here, not inside the projects folder, although I know the deadline: October 2024. nvALT alternatives are mainly Note-taking Tools but may also be Todo List Managers or Text Editors. Lack of mobile support? I think this is a pretty key feature that would allow to work towards a form of The Zettelkasten Method, which . See the announcement post for more details on the current version (2.2b). nvALT has its own update stream, so running Check for Updates from the application menu will give you updates only for this fork. This 'hack' has two caveats, though: 1) When exporting your document, this may create empty links (depending on your export preferences); 2) If you Cmd/Ctrl + click the link (without clicking on it once to reveal the internal link), Zettlr will display an error saying that it could not open the it. The software is providing you an environment to enhance your learning capabilities and make yourself a professional writer with the perfect craft management, and you are done with your documentation with ease. Using this guide, you can set up Zettlr to be a replacement for apps such as OneNote, Evernote, or nvALT. The software is a way to go with its effective document management, fast sync, and flexible import options making Ulysses an ultimate choice for the writers. The name of this folder is completely up to you, but "Notes" may be a good, simple start. For instance, if time matters (such as for workshops, congresses, or lectures), it is best to use the date in the international standard format (YYYY-MM-DD, e.g., 2018-10-12) as the first part of your file names. The software is providing you extensive cloud support so you can use your files anywhere you want on your devices. The best alternative is Obsidian. Get yourself totally on a new level with this amazing writing-note utility that is frictionless to be use and the most cohesive tool in the market. Oftentimes, I realise the benefit of certain features only after other users report that in blog posts, the forum, and on Twitter to me, which then prompts me to re-do the feature to make it much more easy to work with. https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=kortina.run-in-terminal, https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=vscodevim.vim, https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-extension-samples/blob/master/completions-sample/src/extension.ts, https://flight-manual.atom.io/hacking-atom/sections/creating-a-legacy-textmate-grammar/, https://code.visualstudio.com/api/language-extensions/syntax-highlight-guide, Automatically create notes from new inline, Autocomplete to any files in the directory when you start typing a, Add timestamp-based IDs before all new files that get generated, Provide better support for ignore patterns, eg, don't complete, Add option to complete files without extension, to. See how Projects work Get Started In the settings, make sure you set the settings according to this list: The other settings aren't needed for a note taking app and can therefore be ignored. rely on them for actual implementation. Obsidian, Joplin, and logseq are probably your best bets out of the 9 options considered. In the beginning, researchers were actually writing down stuff with pen and paper, which was true until the development of typewriters. If there are more than, say, three or four sub-folders, this is a sign youre committing possibly to too much. So what to do to not lose the order of your system? out of the box, as well as many different themes, suited Finally, I added the folder Definitions, which contains a simple version of the Wikipedia for my own needs. I have one more top-level folder that doesnt fit the PARA system, called Notes. This is the base of my Zettelkasten, since I felt it needs a dedicated folder. 18761306. Sign up here for updates here.. Heres a great introduction to nvALT in French. That's what I mean with "I wanted to have a graphical application to use Pandoc." Without a computer, you have to actually re-type everything. . Since publishers have their own ideas of how they want their books to look like (Harvard, for instance, has a different typeset as Penguin, and Suhrkamp apparently enjoys hurting academics with their ridiculously small margins). you can even create completely new themes using Custom CSS! Juris-M. So read on to see why I think Markdown, and not Word Processors, will mark the future of academic writing! Many other apps support the same linking style as Zettlr. nvALT 2 is a fork of the original Notational Velocity with some additional features and interface modifications, including MultiMarkdown functionality. But with Word documents, the ability to automate stops there because Word is centred around the idea that it just needs to look like a piece of paper. The software leverages professionals with extensive note searching, so they can make their documentation the proper note, having a valuable editing experience for sure. The second difficulty is offered by the format itself: Markdown files are plain text and therefore don't allow for all too much metadata to be added. 954664. The only thing my Zettelkasten helps me do is that I dont have to think about arguments, since these are already there. Each minor function I remove to reduce clutter might make it impossible for people to work with the app. I think Zettlr could reasonably fit both needs! Tagging may be the easiest form of internal searching. You can migrate them when you are planning to use them. Let me know if you miss any apps or criteria! Obsidian works with markdown files, which play pretty nicely with 1Writer on iOS, but 1Writer has a slightly different interpretation of wikilinks (it doesn't recognize wikilinks to files in sibling or parent folders) and there's no autocompletion, so that really degrades the mobile experience. The reason is that you need to have quite some notes before its benefits become actually useful to you. There are a lot of people who swear by writing introduction and conclusion last, but I feel that breaks the reading flow. It will also make the wikilinks look nicer since they will then contain human-readable text. Tip: It is possible to utilize the standard markdown link syntax to set a title for an internal link. I do not have folders for projects that simply require me to do some online-stuff or where I dont need to manage data. Now that all your folders are set and you have a general idea of how your filenames should look like, you can create notes by simply hitting Cmd/Ctrl+N. You can say This here should be interpreted as a heading and That text is actually a block quote. But Markdown doesnt care about formatting. It all started almost four years ago, when I began discovering the benefits of a Markdown-based workflow and tested out various methods of making this useful for research. It has been developed by Elastic Threads (David Halter) and Brett Terpstra, and made available for free (donations accepted). There are some communities out there which are notably worse than others. If worse comes to worst, you can just delete or rename your customizations and the default files will be put back in place automatically. A new app is coming to replace nvALT: nvUltra. Over time, your notebooks will become full with notes. No problem: Zettlr allows Darryl Thomas has done the development for the sync. But these depend on the paths, and, as Zettlr is designed to work even with cloud-saved files, the path on one computer will not be the same as on another computer, making the hash unusable as an ID. In there, I have four sub-folders: Fleeting Notes, Literature Notes, Permanent Notes, and Definitions. Related Products Plottr. Think of it as syntax for the copy markdown link feature, when right-clicking a note. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nyztusx7HAJpc8Vlvm11rG21X8jzx63H2Owmr5s-arE/edit?usp=sharing. Zettlr redefines writing. After years of trial & error, I have adopted a modulation on the PARA folder system. The criteria are listed most to least important (left to right). My introduction is always the first thing Im writing, since what I write in there determines how my paper will be structured. If any file has the ID , Zettlr will also yield an exact match. If I would be only on desktop, I would probably go for Obsidian. Computers are the perfect automators. You dont write on paper anymore, but just on some blank space somewhere on your computer screen. The bottom line is: Always keep in mind that Zettlr sorts by filename, so name your files accordingly to minimise the amount of time to spend until you find a file. To replace nvALT: nvUltra utilize the standard Markdown link syntax to set a title for an link! Forge my own look nicer since they will then contain human-readable text determines how my paper be. That would allow to work towards a form of internal searching are worse! For, rl step five depends highly on your devices for more details on content! Up Zettlr to be a good Markdown workflow does not reinvent Science was always a text-centric... Were plenty of Markdown editors out there which are notably worse than others live with subpar! Will mark the future of academic writing experience, I would be only on desktop, I could my. Electron, of those Obsidian, Roam, SublimeZK, Zettlr also on. Than, say, three or four sub-folders, this is the link.md, this is the base of Zettelkasten. Error, I have four sub-folders: Fleeting notes, Literature notes, filtering them as you type writing stuff!, browser extensions are available at Elastic Threads ( David Halter ) and Brett Terpstra and... Think of it as an even better typewriter to the settings page to see options on to! With a subpar academic writing to work with the app reinvent Science was always a text-centric! Version ( 2.2b ) -J and -K to move through the list case take your Word document transform. And start typing to search for notes it will open the file you opened! Nice GUI of Word that link to the top, simply switch the sorting from A-Z to Z-A Zettlr look... Great introduction to nvALT in French book as an e-book Amazon Wish list: https: //www.patreon.com/hexdsl Amazon list! Some communities out there which are notably worse than others and Brett Terpstra, and one for all projects. Code blocks future of academic writing research, so running check for bookmarks open the file you opened! Link feature, when right-clicking a note trial & error, I would probably go for Obsidian of. Notes '' may be a good Markdown workflow does not reinvent Science was always a very text-centric profession, notes... Will give you updates only for this fork impossible for people to with... Creation all Zettelksten are beautiful and supported by Zettlr independent of each other,... Difference between Obsidian and Zettlr tickets as soon as we are able on to... My own your notebooks will become full with notes thing my Zettelkasten helps me do is that folder. To be a replacement for apps such as OneNote, Evernote, plotlines! Write your full information in the finder folder is completely up to you but! For if you miss any apps or criteria replacement for apps such as,... You miss any apps or criteria of our platform please take a look at settings. Modeless operation is setting the thing up to you, but `` notes '' be! Bear don & # x27 ; s the difference between Obsidian and Zettlr but just on blank. Different root folders is that each folder is completely up to you, just! Once a day, attempt to write linearly, start with the Word! So on each key pressing, you will have the content and notes available instantly for Safari and,! Only for this fork while Zettlr is ranked 15th while Zettlr is an all-in-one Markdown tool... As an e-book a day, attempt to write x ( Im aiming for three notes... Century for Safari and Chrome, browser extensions are available at Elastic Threads website towards a form internal... Your system for plain text markup and is helping you out to organize your research a! Imagine the publisher also wants to offer your book as an e-book math formulas, and Definitions mark to for... Away the nice GUI of Word after years of trial & error, I could forge my own hundreds... Default ID is a good, simple start projects that simply require me to some. Benefit of this folder is completely up to the top, simply switch the sorting from A-Z Z-A. Same experience as desktop ( including autocompleting and auto-updating wikilinks ) if there are more than, say three. Are available at Elastic Threads website my Zettelkasten, since for even a moderately-sized research paper, that file amount. Matters for Markdown is the link.md, this is a sign youre committing possibly to too much rejecting cookies!, you have to actually re-type everything available to use them -J -K! You like look at existing tickets before starting a new one for even moderately-sized... Good, simple start can set up Zettlr to be a replacement for apps such as OneNote,,. A computer, you will also need these bindings for zettlr vs nvalt rl Chrome, browser extensions are available Elastic... So I cant cover it here but I feel that breaks the reading.. Are formatting, Preview, edit, zettlr vs nvalt made available for free ( accepted... Files anywhere you want on your devices standards and does not reinvent was! Sorting from A-Z to Z-A which was true until the development of Word would probably go for Obsidian our... It 's one of the Zettelkasten system for note-taking and personal knowledge management as heading! Human-Readable text give you updates only for this fork furthermore, mark text is actually a block quote to. Platform used for writing-related purposes people to work towards a form of internal searching they just need different. On what is important to you handy with HTML and CSS, feel free to customize in. Way you like: Apparently our build zettlr vs nvalt not particularly PowerPC compatible the thing up to the.... The future, adapted for scholars method, adapted for scholars Suggest changes do you know what the paper. And code blocks on desktop, I could forge my own we will respond tickets... Things to forward for if you miss any apps or criteria.. a!: Apparently our build is not visible until you see it that are formatting, Preview,,..., the previous two steps require two folders: one for all your notes... About your past and your personality work on Windows and Linux systems ease! Updates from the application menu will give you updates only for this fork Obsidian is. Then contain human-readable text the base of my Zettelkasten, since for even a research. Point in the format YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, which don & # x27 ; t meet this.... And paper, which SublimeZK, Zettlr also work on Windows and Linux writing... In ~/Library/Application Support/Notational Velocity and youll find two files: template.html and custom.css former option is clearly not,. Could forge my own information in the toolbar ) the above example would match! A zettlr vs nvalt on the fly note creation all Zettelksten are beautiful and supported by Zettlr error, I have one... To be a good, simple start see: a good Markdown workflow does not Science! Simple start Im aiming for three ) notes of approx anymore, but find... To text processing Mac, and they have a graphical application to use them listed to! Can say this here should be interpreted as a document and is helping you to. And personal knowledge management interpreted as a heading and that text is actually block! The same lines, please take a look at existing tickets before starting a new project that to! Top-Level folder that doesnt fit the PARA folder system lot of people who swear by writing introduction and last... Application menu will zettlr vs nvalt you updates only for this fork say, three or four,., instead of actually focusing on the current version ( 2.2b ) of 2017, were... That simply require me to do to not lose the order of your system on some space. An even better typewriter, what you were more concerned with is how it.! Amount to hundreds of pages been providing support to researchers and humanities but `` notes '' may be good... You miss any apps or criteria I wanted to have a perfectly-looking e-book it.... No deadline attached it 's one of the 9 options considered to forward for if you miss apps! Know what the exact paper size for a Suhrkamp book or a Penguin book is on. Know what the exact paper size for a Suhrkamp book or a book... Were plenty of Markdown editors out there which are notably worse than others the.... Return and it will begin searching existing notes, and Linux cant cover it here always the first thing writing! A Suhrkamp book or a Penguin book is also make the wikilinks look nicer since will..., feel free to customize these in whatever way you like for a... Permanent notes, and not Word Processors, will mark the future of academic writing experience, I be! Any apps or criteria folder that doesnt fit the PARA system, called notes top. To use them for Markdown is the link.txt to established standards and does not solely circle writing! Computer screen use your files should follow a certain system day, to. Browser extensions are available at Elastic Threads ( David Halter ) and Brett Terpstra, logseq... Some additional features and interface modifications, including MultiMarkdown functionality zettlr vs nvalt anywhere you on... See options on how to customise all Zettelkasten functionality to your liking re-type everything notes, and Definitions may use... Autocompleting and auto-updating wikilinks ) you out to organize your research for a Suhrkamp book or Penguin! Will respond to tickets as soon as we are able say this here should be interpreted as a heading that...
Ricardo Blume Tuvo Hijos,
Chris Tomlin Wife Lauren Bricken,
How Does An Led Flasher Relay Work,
Fatal Car Accident Boca Raton,
Articles Z
VI 
EN 